Biotrophy and Its Biological Role Productivity, Physiological and Microbial Indicators of Broiler Chickens and Layng Hens

After the excessive use of antibiotics in poultry breeding projects, which were used to reduce or reduce pathogenic bacteria, and to achieve biosecurity, however, these attempts were negatively reflected in the emergence of bacterial species that possess the characteristic of resistance against some types of antibiotics, which made the World Health Organization prohibit the use of some types of these antibiotics in poultry farming, for fear of transmission to the consumer. This has preoccupied many researchers with conducting various studies on safe alternatives instead of using manufactured antibiotics, as efforts have intensified by supporting the intestinal flora with probiotics, which contain beneficial bacteria and some yeasts, to achieve microbial balance. We can summarize the results of previous studies in this article: the use of vital nutrition with different levels of beneficial bacteria and yeasts has an influential role in enhancing the natural intestinal flora of domestic birds, which effectively contributes to creating a microbial balance, as a result of competitive exclusion in obtaining attachment sites for receptors. The cells of the intestinal wall, and the excretion of large numbers of harmful bacteria outside the alimentary canal, thus improving the functioning of the alimentary canal, which is represented by an increase in the use of nutrients, and this is reflected in a significant improvement in the productive, physiological and microbial characteristics of broilers and laying hens.