New Colorful Image Encryption Method Using Triple Chaotic Maps and Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36371/port.2024.3.11Authors
A novel image encryption algorithm employing triple chaotic maps has been developed to address the shortcomings of existing methods in terms of security and efficiency. The algorithm leverages the interconnectivity of color channels in images, using distinct keys to disrupt pixel correlations within each channel. The three chaotic maps utilized URUK, WAM, and Nahrain to generate two sets of keys. The first set is used to shuffle pixel positions, creating scrambled channels. Subsequently, the second set is applied to diffuse these scrambled channels independently. A gray wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm is then employed to further optimize the shuffling process, minimizing pixel correlations and enhancing security. The triple chaotic maps of varying orders contribute to the unpredictability and robustness of the cipher image. A comprehensive security analysis, including entropy, correlation coefficients, and attack resistance, demonstrates the superior performance of the proposed method compared to existing image encryption algorithms
Keywords:
GWO, WAM chaotic map, URUK chaotic map, Nahrain chaotic map[1] Magdy, M., Hosny, K.M., Ghali, N.I., Ghoniemy, S.: Security of medical images for telemedicine: a systematic review. Multimedia Tools Appl. 81(18), 25101–25145 (2022)
[2] Hosny, K.M., Zaki, M.A., Lashin, N.A., Fouda, M.M., Hamza, H.M.: Multimedia security using encryption: a survey. IEEE Access 11, 63027–63056 (2023)
[3] Q. K. Abed and W. A. Mahmoud Al-Jawher, "An Image Encryption Method Based on Lorenz Chaotic Map and Hunter-Prey Optimization," J. Port Sci. Res., vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 332-343, 2023.
[4] Q. Kadhim and W. A. Mahmoud Al-Jawher, "A New Multiple-Chaos Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Block Compressive Sensing, Swin Transformer, and Wild Horse Optimization," Multidiscip. Sci. J., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 2025012, 2024.
[5] Kaur, S., Singh, S., Kaur, M., et al.: Systematic review of computational image steganography approaches. Arch. Comput. Methods Eng. 29, 4775–4797 (2022)
[6] Eid, W.M., Alotaibi, S.S., Alqahtani, H.M., Saleh, S.Q.: Digital image steganalysis: current methodologies and future challenges. IEEE Access 10, 92321–92336 (2022)
[7] Abdel-Aziz, M.M., Hosny, K.M., Lashin, N.A.: Improved data hiding method for securing color images. Multimedia Tools Appl. 80, 12641–12670 (2021)
[8] Hassan, F.S., Gutub, A.: Improving data hiding within colour images using hue component of HSV colour space. CAAI Trans. Intell. Technol. 7(1), 56–68 (2022)
[9] Hosny, K.M., Darwish, M.M.: Robust color image watermarking using multiple fractional-order moments and chaotic map. Multimedia Tools Appl. 81(17), 24347–24375 (2022)
[10] Magdy, M., Ghali, N.I., Ghoniemy, S., Hosny, K.M.: Multiple zero watermarking of medical images for Internet of medical things. IEEE Access 10, 38821–38831 (2022)
[11] Talhaoui, M.Z., Wang, X.: A new fractional one-dimensional chaotic map and its application in high-speed image encryption. Inf. Sci. 550, 13–26 (2021)
[12] Q. K. Abed and W. A. Mahmoud Al-Jawher, "A Secure and Efficient Optimized Image Encryption Using Block Compressive Sensing and Logistic Map Method" Journal of Cyber Security and Mobility, vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 1-24, 2024.
[13] Q. K. Abed and Waleed. A. Mahmoud Al-Jawher, "Enhanced Hyperchaotic Image Encryption with CAW Transform and Sea-Lion Optimizer" Journal of Cyber Security and Mobility, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 1-32, 2024.
[14] Ramakrishnan, B., et al.: Image encryption based on S-box generation constructed by using a chaotic autonomous snap system with only one equilibrium point. Multimedia Tools Appl. 83(8), 23509–23532 (2024)
[15] Wen, H., et al. Exploring the future application of UAVs: Face image privacy protection scheme based on chaos and DNA cryptography. Journal of King Saud University—Computer and Information Sciences, 36(1), 101871. (2024).
[16] Wang, X., Liu, P.: A new full chaos coupled mapping lattice and its application in privacy image encryption. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I: Regul. Pap. 69(3), 1291–1301 (2021)
[17] Abed, Q. K., & Al-Jawher, W. A. M. (2024). Optimized Color Image Encryption Using Arnold Transform, URUK Chaotic Map and GWO Algorithm. Journal Port Science Research, 7(3), .219–236.
[18] Liu, X., et al.: Memcapacitor-coupled Chebyshev hyperchaotic map. Int. J. Bifurcation Chaos 32(12), 2250180 (2022)
[19] Xu, J., & Zhang, H. The image compression–encryption algorithm based on the compression sensing and fractional-order chaotic system. Visual Computing, 45(1), 123-134 (2022).
[20] Gao, X., et al.: An effective multiple-image encryption algorithm based on 3D cube and hyperchaotic map. J. King Saud Univ.—Comput. Inf. Sci. 34(4), 1535–1551 (2022)
[21] Han, X., et al.: A new set of hyperchaotic maps based on modulation and coupling. Eur. Phys. J. Plus 137(4), 523 (2022)
[22] Q. Abed and Waleed A. Mahmoud Al-Jawher, "Image encrypted using circular map, block compressed sensing and hyper GWO-COOT optimization," International Journal of Intelligent Engineering & Systems, vol. 17, no. 5, 2024.
[23] Shannon, C.E.: Communication theory of secrecy systems. Bell Syst. Tech. J. 28(4), 656–715 (1949)
[24] Fridrich, J.: Symmetric ciphers based on two-dimensional chaotic maps. Int. J. Bifurcation Chaos 08(06), 1259–1284 (1998)
[25] Liu, Q., et al.: A novel image encryption algorithm based on chaos maps with Markov properties. Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simul. 20(2), 506–515 (2015)
[26] Wang, L., Song, H., Liu, P.: A novel hybrid color image encryption algorithm using two complex chaotic systems. Opt. Lasers Eng. 77, 118–125 (2016)
[27] Ali, D.S., Alwan, N.A., Al-Saidi, N.M.G.: Image encryption based on highly sensitive chaotic system. AIP Conf. Proc. 2183(1), 080007 (2019)
[28] Sun, J., et al.: A memristive chaotic system with hyper multistability and its application in image encryption. IEEE Access 8, 139289–139298 (2020)
[29] Ali, T.S., Ali, R.: A new chaos-based color image encryption algorithm using permutation substitution and Boolean operation. Multimedia Tools Appl. 79(27-28), 19853–19873 (2020)
[30] Xiang, H., Liu, L.: An improved digital logistic map and its application in image encryption. Multimedia Tools Appl. 79, 30329–30355 (2020)
[31] Mondal, B., Mandal, T.: A secure image encryption scheme based on genetic operations and a new hybrid pseudorandom number generator. Multimedia Tools Appl. 79(25-26), 17497–17520 (2020)
[32] Bouteghrine, B., Tanougast, C., Sadoudi, S.: Novel image encryption algorithm based on new 3-D chaos map. Multimedia Tools Appl. 80, 25583–25605 (2021)
[33] Mou, J., et al.: Image compression and encryption algorithm based on hyper-chaotic map. Mob. Netw. Appl. 26, 1849–1861 (2021)
[34] Qian, X., et al.: A novel color image encryption algorithm based on three dimensional chaotic maps and reconstruction techniques. IEEE Access 9, 61334–61345 (2021)
[35] Wen, H., & Lin, Y. Cryptanalyzing an image cipher using multiple chaos and DNA operations. Journal of King Saud University—Computer and Information Sciences, 35(7), 101612 (2023).
[36] Q. K. Abed and Waleed A. Mahmoud Al-Jawher, "A Robust Image Encryption Scheme Based on Block Compressive Sensing and Wavelet Transform," Int. J. Innov. Comput., vol. 13, no. 1-2, pp. 7-13, 2022.
[37] Q. K. Abed and Waleed A. Mahmoud Al-Jawher, "A New Architecture of Key Generation Using DWT for Image Encryption with Three Levels Arnold Transform Permutation," J. Port Sci. Res., vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 166-177, 2022..
[38] A. A. Abdul-Kareem and Waleed A. Mahmoud Al-Jawher, "A Hybrid Domain Medical Image Encryption Scheme Using URUK and WAM Chaotic Maps with Wavelet-Fourier Transforms," J. Cyber Secur. Mobility, pp. 435-464, 2023.
[39] A. A. Abdul-Kareem and W. A. Mahmoud Al-Jawher, “URUK 4D DISCRETE CHAOTIC MAP FOR SECURE COMMUNICATION APPLICATIONS,” Journal Port Science Research, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 131–142, Oct. 2022.
[40] Abdul-Kareem, A. A., & Al-Jawher, Waleed A. Mahmoud Al-Jawher (2022). WAM 3D discrete chaotic map for secure communication applications. International Journal of Innovative Computing, 13(1-2), 45-5
[41] Abdul-Kareem, A. A., & Mahmoud Al-Jawher, W. A. (2024). An image encryption algorithm using hybrid sea lion optimization and chaos theory in the hartley domain. International Journal of Computers and Applications, 46(5), 324-337.
[42] Mirjalili, S., Mirjalili, S. M., & Lewis, A. (2014). Grey wolf optimizer. Advances in engineering software, 69, 46-61
[43] Abdul-Kareem, A. A., & Mahmoud Al-Jawher, W. A. (2023). Hybrid image encryption algorithm based on compressive sensing, gray wolf optimization, and chaos. Journal of Electronic Imaging, 32(4), 043038-043038.
[44] Ali Akram Abdul-Kareem, Waleed Ameen Mahmoud Al-Jawher, “Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Arnold Transform and Chaos Theory in the Multi-wavelet Domain”, International Journal of Computers and Applications, Vol. 45, Issue 4, pp. 306-322, 2023.
[45] Singh, S.P.; Bhatnagar, G. A Novel Biometric Inspired Robust Security Framework for Medical Images. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 2021, 33, 810–823.
[46] ElKamchouchi, D.H.; Mohamed, H.G.; Moussa, K.H. A bijective image encryption system based on hybrid chaotic map diffusion and DNA confusion. Entropy 2020, 22, 180.
[47] Wang, X.; Chen, S.; Zhang, Y. A chaotic image encryption algorithm based on random dynamic mixing. Opt. Laser Technol. 2021, 138, 106837.
[48] Gao, X.: A color image encryption algorithm based on an improved Hénon map. Phys. Scr. 96(6), 065203 (2021)
[49] Hosny, K.M., Kamal, S.T., Darwish, M.M.: Novel encryption for color images using fractional-order hyperchaotic system. J. Ambient Intell. Hum. Comput. 13, 973–988 (2022)
[50] Alexan, W., et al.: Color image encryption through chaos and KAA map. IEEE Access 11, 11541–11554 (2023)
[51] Zahraa A Hasan, Suha M Hadi, Waleed A Mahmoud, “Speech scrambler with multiwavelet, Arnold Transform and particle swarm optimization” Journal Pollack Periodica, Volume 18, Issue 3, Pages 125-131, 2023.
[52] W. A. Mahmoud Al-Jawher Zahraa A Hasan, Suha M. Hadi “Speech scrambling based on multiwavelet and Arnold transformations” Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Volume 30, Issue 2, Pages 927-935, 2023.
[53] W. A. Mahmoud Al-Jawher, Zahraa A Hasan, Suha M. Hadi,” Time Domain Speech Scrambler Based on Particle Swarm Optimization” International Journal for Engineering and Information Sciences, Vol. 18, Issue 1, PP. 161-166, 2023.
[54] Afrah U Mosaa, Waleed A Mahmoud Al-Jawher “A proposed Hyper-Heuristic optimizer Nesting Grey Wolf Optimizer and COOT Algorithm for Multilevel Task” Journal Port Science Research, Vol. 6, PP. 310,317, 2023.
[55] WA Mahmoud, AI Abbas, NAS Alwan “Face Identification Using Back-Propagation Adaptive Multiwavelet” Journal of Engineering 18 (3), 2012.
[56] Rasha Ali Dihin, Waleed A Mahmoud Al-Jawher, Ebtesam N AlShemmary “Diabetic Retinopathy Image Classification Using Shift Window Transformer”, International Journal of Innovative Computing, Vol. 13, Issue 1-2, PP. 23-29, 2022.
[57] Rasha Ali Dihin, Ebtesam AlShemmary and Waleed Al-Jawher “Diabetic Retinopathy Classification Using Swin Transformer with Multi Wavelet” Journal of Kufa for Mathematics and Computer, Vol. 10, Issue 2, PP. 167-172, 2023.
[58] AHM Al-Heladi, W. A. Mahmoud, HA Hali, AF Fadhel “Multispectral Image Fusion using Walidlet Transform” Advances in Modelling and Analysis B, Volume 52, Iss. 1-2, pp. 1-20, 2009.
[59] Maryam I Mousa Al-Khuzaay, Waleed A Mahmoud Al-Jawher, “New Proposed Mixed Transforms: CAW and FAW and Their Application in Medical Image Classification” International Journal of Innovative Computing, Volume 13, Issue 1-2, Pages 15-21, 2022.
[60] Waleed A Mahmoud, Afrah Loay Mohammed Rasheed “3D Image Denoising by Using 3D Multiwavelet” AL-Mustansiriya J. Sci, Vol. 21, Issue 7, PP. 106-136, 2010.
[61] Adnan HM Al-Helali, Hamza A Ali, Buthainah Al-Dulaimi, Dhia Alzubaydi, Walid A Mahmoud “Slantlet transform for multispectral image fusion” Journal of Computer Science, Vol.5, Issue 4, PP. 263-267, 2009.
[62] Waleed. A. Mahmoud & I.K. Ibraheem "Image Denoising Using Stationary Wavelet Transform” Signals, Inf. Patt. Proc. & Class. Vol. 46, Issue 4, Pages 1-18, 2003.
[63] Waleed Ameen Mahmoud-Al-Jawher “Computation of Wavelet and Multiwavelet Transforms using Fast FourierTransform” Journal Port Science Research, Vol. 4, Issue 2, PP. 111-117, 2021.
[64] Mutaz Abdulwahab and Hadeel Al-Taai Waleed Ameen Mahmoud “New Fast Method for Computing Wavelet Coefficients from 1D up to 3D” , proceedings of the 1st Int. Conference on Digital Communication and computer Application, Jordan, Pages 313-323, 2007.
[65] Waleed A Mahmoud, Ahmed S Hadi “Systolic Array for Realization of Discrete Wavelet Transform “ Journal of Engineering, Vol. 13, Issue 2, PP. 1-9, 2007.
[66] W. A. Mahmoud Z Jalal & N. K. Wafi “A New Method of Computing Multi-wavelets Transform using Repeated Row Preprocessing.” Al-Rafidain Engineering Journal, Vol. 12, Issue 2, PP. 21-31., 2004.
[67] W. A. Mahmoud & I. A Al-Akialy “A Tabulated Method of Computation Multiwavelet Transform” Al-Rafidain University College, Vol. 15, PP. 161-170, Iraq, 2004.
[68] W. A. Mahmoud & Z. J. M. Saleh “ An Algorithm for Computing Multiwavelets &Inverse Transform Using an Over-Sampled Scheme of Pre& Post processing respectively” Engineering Journal, Vol. 10, Issue 2, PP. 270-288, 2004.
[69] Walid A Mahmoud, Majed E Alneby, Wael H Zayer “2D-multiwavelet transform 2D-two activation function wavelet network-based face recognition” J. Appl. Sci. Res, Vol. 6, Issue 6, PP. 1019-1028, 2010.
[70] Waleed A Mahmoud, Dheyaa J Kadhim “A Proposal Algorithm to Solve Delay Constraint Least Cost Optimization Problem” Journal of Engineering, Vol. 19, Iss 1, PP 155-160, 2013.
[71] H. Al-Taai, Waleed A. Mahmoud & M. Abdulwahab “New fast method for computing multiwavelet coefficients from 1D up to 3D” , Proc. 1st Int. Conference on Digital Comm. & Comp. App., Jordan, PP. 412-422, 2007.
[72] A H Kattoush, Waleed Ameen Mahmoud Al-Jawher, O Q Al-Thahab “A radon-multiwavelet based OFDM system design and simulation under different channel conditions” Journal of Wireless personal communications, Volume 71, Issue 2, Pages 857-871, 2013.
[73] Waleed A. Mahmoud Al-Jawher, T Abbas – “Feature combination and mapping using multiwavelet transform” IASJ, AL-Rafidain, Issue 19, Pages 13-34, 2006
[74] WA Mahmoud, AS Hadi, TM Jawad “Development of a 2-D Wavelet Transform based on Kronecker Product” - Al-Nahrain Journal of Science, Vol. 15, Issue 4, PP. 208-213, 2012
[75] Saleem MR Taha, Walid A Mahmood "New techniques for Daubechies wavelets and multiwavelets implementation using quantum computing " 2013, Journal Facta universitatis-series: Electronics and Energetics, Volume 26, Issue 2, Pages 145-156, 2013.
[76] WA Mahmoud, ZJM Saleh, NK Wafi “The Determination of Critical-Sampling Scheme of Preprocessing for Multiwavelets Decomposition as 1st and 2nd Orders of Approximation” Journal of Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal, Volume 1, Issue 1, Pages 26-37, 2005.
[77] Saadi Mohammed Saadi, Waleed Al-Jawher” Enhancing image authenticity: A new approach for binary fake image classification using DWT and swin transformer” Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Advances, Vol. 19, Issue 3, PP. 1-10, 2024.
[78] AHM Al-Helali, Waleed A. Mahmoud, HA Ali “A Fast personal palm print authentication Based on 3d-multi–Wavelet Transformation”, TRANSNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Vol. 2, Issue 8, 2012.
[79] WA Mahmoud, MS Abdulwahab, HN Al-Taai: “The Determination of 3D Multiwavelet Transform” IJCCCE, vol. 2, issue 4, 2005.
[80] AHM Al-Helali, WA Mahmoud, HA Hali, AF Fadhel “Multispectral Image Fusion using Walidlet Transform” Advances in Modelling and Analysis B, Volume 52, Issue 1-2, pp. 1-20, 2009.
[81] W. A. Mahmoud, J J. Stephan and A. A. Razzak “Facial Expression Recognition Using Fast Walidlet Hybrid Transform” Journal port Science Researchو Volume3, No:1, Pages 59-69 2020.
[82] Waleed A. Mahmud Al-Jawher, Dr. Talib M. Jawad Abbas Al-Talib, Salman R. Hamudi “Fingerprint Image Recognition Using Walidlet Transform” Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, Australia, 2012.
[83] Hamid M Hasan, Waleed A. Mahmoud Al- Jawher, Majid A Alwan “3-d face recognition using improved 3d mixed transform” Journal International Journal of Biometrics and Bioinformatics (IJBB), Volume 6, Issue 1, Pages 278-290, 2012.
[84] Waleed A Mahmoud, MR Shaker “3D Ear Print Authentication using 3D Radon Transform” proceeding of 2nd International Conference on Information & Communication Technologies, Pages 1052-1056, 2006.
[85] Waleed Ameen Mahmoud “A Smart Single Matrix Realization of Fast Walidlet Transform” Journal International Journal of Research and Reviews in Computer Science, Volume 2, Issue, 1, Pages 144-151, 2011.
[86] Waleed Ameen Mahmoud “A Smart Single Matrix Realization of Fast Walidlet Transform” Journal of Research and Reviews in Computer Science, Volume 2, Issue, 1, PP 144-151, 2011.
[87] W. A. Mahmoud, J J. Stephan and A. A. Razzak “Facial Expression Recognition Using Fast Walidlet Hybrid Transform” Journal port Science Researchو Volume3, No:1, Pages 59-69 2020.
[88] Dihin, R. Al-Jawher, Waleed and Al-Shemmary “Implementation of The Swin Transformer and Its Application In Image Classification” Journal Port Science Research, vol. 6, Issue 4, PP. 318-331. 2023.
[89] Waleed A Mahmoud Al-Jawher, Shaimaa A Shaaban “K-Mean Based Hyper-Metaheuristic Grey Wolf and Cuckoo Search Optimizers for Automatic MRI Medical Image Clustering” Journal Port Science Research, Volume 7, Issue 3, Pages 109-120, 2024.
[90] Waleed A Mahmoud Al-Jawher, Sarah H Awad “A proposed brain tumor detection algorithm using Multi wavelet Transform (MWT)” Materials Today: Proceedings, Volume 65, Pages 2731-2737, 2022.
[91] Walid Amin Mahmoud, Raghad Aladdin Jassim “Image Denoising Using Hybrid Transforms” Engineering and Technology Journal, Vol. 25, Issue 5, PP. 669-682, 2007.
[92] Walid A Al-Jawher, Nada N Al-Ramahi, Mikhled. Alfaouri, “Image Identification And Labeling Using Hybrid Transformation And Neural Network” Neural Network World: International Journal on Neural and Mass - Parallel Computing and Information Systems; Prague, Vol. 17, Issue 4, PP. 377-395, 2007.
[93] W. A. Mahmoud & Ommama Razaq “Speech recognition using new structure for 3D neural network” University of Technology, 1st Computer Conference, PP. 161-171, 2010.
[94] Maryam I Mousa Al-Khuzaie, Waleed A Mahmoud Al-Jawher “Enhancing Brain Tumor Classification with a Novel Three-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network (3D-CNN) Fusion Model” Journal Port Science Research, Volume 7, Issue, 3, Pages 254-267, 2024.
[95] Walid A.Mahmoud Rafah Abdul Hadi, Seham Ahmed Al-Musewy “Color Image Compression using Ridgelet Transform and Spilt Quantization Image Video” Journal of Techniques, Vollume 24, Issue 3, Pages 70-87, 2011.
[96] Raghad Aladdin Jassim, Walid Amin Mahmoud “Image Denoising Using Hybrid Transforms” Journal of Engineering and Technology, Volume 25, Issue 5, Pages 669-680, 2007.
[97] Rasha Ali Dihin, Ebtesam N. AlShemmary and Waleed A. Mahmoud Al-Jawher “Automated Binary Classification of Diabetic Retinopathy by SWIN Transformer” Journal of Al-Qadisiyah for computer science and mathematics (JQCM), Vol 15, Issue 1, PP. 169-178, 2023.
[98] Rasha Ali Dihin, Ebtesam N AlShemmary, Waleed AM Al-Jawher, “Wavelet-Attention Swin for Automatic Diabetic Retinopathy Classification” Baghdad Science Journal, 2024.
[99] Qutaiba Kadhim, Waleed Ameen Mahmoud Al-Jawher “A New Multiple-Chaos Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Block Compressive Sensing, Swin Transformer, and Wild Horse Optimization” Multidisciplinary Science Journal, Vol. 7, Issue 1, PP. 2025012-2025012, 2025.
[100] KN Kadhim, SMR Taha, WA Mahmoud “A new method for filtering and segmentation of the ECG signal”, Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering …, 1988.
[101] WA Mahmoud, MS Abdul-Wahab, AA Sabri “A New Algorithm for Reconstruction of Lost Blocks Using Discrete Wavelet Transform” Engineering and technology journal 24 (10), 2005.
[102] L R. Hussssein andJ. M. A. Al-Sammarie W. A. Mahmoud “Image Identification using Minimum Distance Classifier with Multi-Wavelet Transform” Journal of Advances in Modelling and Analysis B, Volume 46, Issue (5-6), pages 1-22, 2003.
[103] Walid Amin Al-Jawhar, Ayman M Mansour, Zakaria M Kuraz “Multi technique face recognition using PCA/ICA with wavelet and Optical Flow” 2008 5th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals and Devices, pages 1-6, 2008.
[104] Ali Akram Abdul-Kareem, Waleed Ameen Mahmoud Al-Jawher “ An image encryption algorithm using hybrid sea lion optimization and chaos theory in the hartley domain” International Journal of Computers and Applications, Vol. 46, Issue 5, PP. 324-337, 2024.
[105] Qutaiba K Abed, Waleed A Mahmoud Al-Jawher “Optimized Color Image Encryption Using Arnold Transform, URUK Chaotic Map and GWO Algorithm” Journal Port Science Research, Vol. 7, Issue 3, PP. 210-236, 2024.
[106] WAM Al-Jawher, SAA SHABAN “Clustering Of Medical Images Using Multiwavelet Transform And K-Means Algorithms” Journal Port Science Research 5 (1), 35-42, 2022.
[107] Maryam I Al-Khuzaie, Waleed A Mahmoud Al-Jawher “Enhancing Medical Image Classification: A Deep Learning Perspective with Multi Wavelet Transform” Journal Port Science Research, Vol. 6, Issue 4, PP. 365-373, 2023.
[108] SM Saadi, WAM Al-Jawher “Proposed Deepfake Detection Method Using Multiwavelet Transform” International Journal of Innovative Computing 13 (1-2), 61-66, 2022.
[109] A. H. Salman, W. A. Mahmoud Al-Jawher “A Hybrid Multiwavelet Transform with Grey Wolf Optimization Used for an Efficient Classification of Documents” International Journal of Innovative Computing 13 (1-2), 55-60, 2022.
[110] Lamyaa Fahem Katran, Ebtesam N AlShemmary, Waleed AM Al-Jawher “A Review of Transformer Networks in MRI Image Classification” Al-Furat Journal of Innovations in Electronics and Computer Engineering, PP. 148-162, 2024.
[111] Saadi Mohammed Saadi, Waleed Ameen Mahmoud Al-Jawher “Proposed Deepfake Detection Method Using Multiwavelet Transform” International Journal of Innovative Computing, Vol. 13, Issue 1-2, PP. 61-66, 2022.
[112] Walid Amin Al-Jawhar, Ayman M Mansour, Zakaria M Kuraz “Multi technique face recognition using PCA/ICA with wavelet and Optical Flow” 5th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals and Devices, PP. 1-6, 2008.
[113] Waleed Ameen Mahmoud Al-Jawher, A. Barsoum and Entather Mahos “Fuzzy Wavenet (FWN) classifier for medical images” Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal, Vol. 1, Issue 2, PP. 1-13, 2005.
[114] Saadi M Saadi and Waleed A Mahmoud Al-Jawher “Image Fake News Prediction Based on Random Forest and Gradient-boosting Methods” Journal Port Science Research, Vol. 6, Issue 4, PP. 357-364, 2023.
[115] Lamyaa Fahem Katran, Ebtesam N AlShemmary, Waleed Ameen Al Jawher “Deep Learning's Impact on MRI Image Analysis: A Comprehensive Survey” Texas Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol. 25, PP. 63-80, 2023.
[116] Ahmed Hussein Salman, Waleed Ameen Mahmoud Al-Jawher “A Hybrid Multiwavelet Transform with Grey Wolf Optimization Used for an Efficient Classification of Documents” International Journal of Innovative Computing, Vol. 13, Issue 1-2, PP. 55-60, 2022.
[117] Shaymaa Abdulelah Shaban, Waleed A Mahmoud Al-Jawher “K-Means Clustering Algorithm for Medical Images” International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Management (IJAEM), Vol. 4, Issue 11, 2022.
[118] Sarah H Awad Waleed A Mahmoud Al-Jawher “Precise Classification of Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRIs) using Gray Wolf Optimization (GWO)” HSOA Journal of Brain & Neuroscience Research, Volume 6, Issue 1, Pages 100021, 2022.
[119] W. A. Mahmoud, Jane Jaleel Stephan and A. A. W. Razzak “Facial Expression Recognition from Video Sequence Using Self Organizing Feature Map” Journal port Science Researchو TRANSACTION ON ENGINEERING, TECHNOLOGY AND THEIR APPLICATIONS, Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2021.
[120] Ammar A Sakran, Suha M Hadi, Waleed A Mahmoud Al-Jawher “Advancing DNA Signal Processing: Integrating Digital and Biological Nuances for Enhanced Identification of Coding Regions” Journal Port Science Research, Volume, 6, Issue 4, Pages 374-387, 2023.
[121] Abbas Al-Talib Waleed A. Mahmud Al-Jawher, A. M. Ibrahim, Talib M. Jawad “Image Reconstruction Using Multi-Activation Wavelet Network” Australian Journal of Applied Sciences: Computer Science, Vol. 6, 410-417, 2012.
[122] Walid A Mahmoud, Majed E Alneby, Wael H Zayer “Multiwavelet Transform And Multi-Dimension-Two Activation Function Wavelet Network Using For Person Identification” Iraqi Journal Of Computers, Communications, Control And Systems Engineering, Vol 11, Issue 1, 2011.
[123] A. Barsoum and Entather Mahos Waleed. A. .Mahmoud “Fuzzy Wavenet (FWN) classifier for medical images” Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal, Vol. 1, Issue 2, PP. 1-13, 2005.
[124] Waleed A Mahmoud, Ahmed S Hadi “Systolic Array for Realization of Discrete Wavelet Transform “ Journal of Engineering, Vol. 13, Issue 2, PP. 1-9, 2007.
[125] Waleed A Mahmoud Al-Jawher & N. Al-Ramahi “Hybrid Transformation Based Automatic Image Identification and Labelling” DCCA 2007 1st international conference on Digital communication & computer applications, Jordan, Pages 704-717, 2007.
[126] W. A. Mahmoud & Z. Ragib “Face Recognition Using PCA and Optical Flow” Engineering Journal, Vol. 13, Issue 1, PP. 35-47, 2007.
[127] L R. Hussssein andJ. M. A. Al-Sammarie W. A. Mahmoud “ Image Identification using Minimum Distance Classifier with Multi-Wavelet Transform” Advances in Modelling and Analysis B, Volume 46, Issue (5-6), Pages 1-22, 2003.
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal Port Science Research
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Downloads
- Published: 2024-09-28
- Issue: Vol. 7 No. 3 (2024): TRANSACTION ON ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY AND THEIR APPLICATIONS
- Section: Articles