Genomic Insights into Drug Abuse: The Role of DNA and Protein-Coding Regions in Addiction and Genetic Mutation

Ammar A.  Sakran; Waleed A. Mahmoud  Al-Jawher; Suha M  Hadi

doi:10.36371/port.2024.3.13

Authors

Ammar A. Sakran Informatics Institute of Postgraduate Studies, Baghdad, Iraq.
Waleed A. Mahmoud Al-Jawher College of Engineering, Uruk University, Baghdad, Iraq.
Suha M Hadi Informatics Institute of Postgraduate Studies, Baghdad, Iraq.

Abstract References Downloads Cite Statistics Share Information

Abstract This paper explores the genetic and epigenetic impacts of drug abuse, focusing on how chronic drug use can induce mutations in DNA, particularly within protein-coding regions, and alter gene expression through mechanisms such as DNA methylation. The study highlights the significant role of these genetic changes in the brain's reward pathways, which contribute to the development and persistence of addiction. Through a comprehensive literature review, the paper identifies key genetic factors associated with addiction susceptibility and the long-term effects of drug-induced epigenetic modifications. A proposed research framework is presented, emphasizing the need for longitudinal studies to track epigenetic changes over time, targeted genomic analysis to identify critical mutations, and the integration of multi-omics approaches to provide a holistic understanding of drug abuse's impact on the genome. The paper also addresses ethical considerations, including the importance of protecting genetic privacy and preventing stigmatization based on genetic findings. The study concludes that advancing our understanding of the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms underlying addiction can lead to more effective, personalized treatment strategies and inform public health policies aimed at mitigating the effects of drug abuse.

Keywords:

Drug Abuse Addiction, Genetic Mutations

[1] L. Galleani and R. Garello, "The minimum entropy mapping spectrum of a DNA sequence," IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 771–783, 2010.

[2] A.K. Singh, V.K. Srivastava, Improved ﬁltering approach for identiﬁcation of protein-coding regions in eukaryotes by background noise reduction using S- G ﬁlter, Netw. Model. Anal. Health Inform. Bioinform. 10 (19) (2021) 1–16

[3] L. Das, S. Nanda, and J. K. Das, "A novel DNA mapping scheme for improved coding sequence prediction using digital filters," in Man and 2017Machine Interfacing (MAMI), 2nd International Conference on, 2017, pp. 1–6.

[4] ] W. A. Mahmoud Z Jalal & N. K. Wafi “A New Method of Computing Multi-wavelets Transform using Repeated Row Preprocessing.” Al-Rafidain Engineering Journal, Vol. 12, Issue 2, PP. 21-31., 2004.

[5] W. A. Mahmoud & I. A Al-Akialy “A Tabulated Method of Computation Multiwavelet Transform” Al-Rafidain University College, Vol. 15, PP. 161-170, Iraq, 2004.

[6] Waleed Ameen Mahmoud Al-Jawher, A. Barsoum and Entather Mahos “Fuzzy Wavenet (FWN) classifier for medical images” Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal, Vol. 1, Issue 2, PP. 1-13, 2005.

[7] Waleed A. Mahmoud, MS Abdulwahab, HN Al-Taai: “The Determination of 3D Multiwavelet Transform” IJCCCE, vol. 2, issue 4, 2005.

[8] Waleed A. M. Al-Jawher, T Abbas – “Feature combination and mapping using multiwavelet transform” IASJ, AL-Rafidain, Issue 19, Pages 13-34, 2006.

[9] Waleed A Mahmoud, MR Shaker “3D Ear Print Authentication using 3D Radon Transform” proceeding of 2nd International Conference on Information & Communication Technologies, Pages 1052-1056, 2006.

[10] H. Al-Taai, Waleed A. Mahmoud & M. Abdulwahab “New fast method for computing multiwavelet coefficients from 1D up to 3D” , Proc. 1st Int. Conference on Digital Comm. & Comp. App., Jordan, PP. 412-422, 2007.

[11] Walid A Al-Jowher, Nada N Al-Ramahi, Mikhled. Alfaouri "Image Identification And Labeling Using Hybrid Transformation And Neural Network" Neural Network World: International Journal on Neural and Mass - Parallel Computing and Information Systems; Prague, Volume 17, Issue 4, Pages 377-395, 2007.

[12] W. A. Mahmoud & Z. Ragib “Face Recognition Using PCA and Optical Flow” Engineering Journal, Vol. 13, Issue 1, PP. 35-47, 2007.

[13] Waleed A Mahmoud, Ahmed S Hadi “Systolic Array for Realization of Discrete Wavelet Transform “ Journal of Engineering, Vol. 13, Issue 2, PP. 1-9, 2007.

[14] Walid Amin Al-Jawhar, Ayman M Mansour, Zakaria M Kuraz “Multi technique face recognition using PCA/ICA with wavelet and Optical Flow” 2008 5th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals and Devices, pages 1-6, 2008.

[15] Adnan HM Al-Helali, Hamza A Ali, Buthainah Al-Dulaimi, Dhia Alzubaydi, Waleed A Mahmoud “Slantlet transform for multispectral image fusion” Journal of Computer Science, Vol.5, Issue 4, PP. 263-267, 2009.

[16] AHM Al-Heladi, WA Mahmoud, HA Hali, AF Fadhel “Multispectral Image Fusion using Walidlet Transform” Advances in Modelling and Analysis B, Volume 52, Iss. 1-2, pp. 1-20, 2009.

[17] Walid A Mahmoud, Majed E Alneby, Wael H Zayer “2D-multiwavelet transform 2D-two activation function wavelet network-based face recognition” J. Appl. Sci. Res, vol. 6, issue 8, 1019-1028, 2010.

[18] WA Mahmoud, ALM Rasheed “3D Image Denoising by Using 3D Multiwavelet” AL-Mustansiriya J. Sci 21 (7), 108-136, 2010.

[19] W. A. Mahmoud & Ommama Razaq “Speech recognition using new structure for 3D neural network” University of Technology, 1st Computer Conference, PP. 161-171, 2010.

[20] Waleed Ameen Mahmoud “A Smart Single Matrix Realization of Fast Walidlet Transform” Journal of Research and Reviews in Computer Science, Volume 2, Issue, 1, PP 144-151, 2011.

[21] M Walid A Mahmoud, Majed E Alneby, Wael H Zayer “Multiwavelet Transform And Multi-Dimension-Two Activation Function Wavelet Network Using For Person Identification” Iraqi Journal Of Computers, Communications, Control And Systems Engineering, Vol 11, Issue 1, 2011.

[22] AHM Al-Helali, Waleed A. Mahmoud, HA Ali “A Fast personal palm print authentication Based on 3d-multi–Wavelet Transformation”, Transnational Journal Of Science And Technology, Vol. 2, Issue 8, 2012.

[23] Hamid M Hasan, AL Jouhar, Majid A Alwan "Face recognition using improved FFT based radon by PSO and PCA techniques" International Journal of Image Processing (IJIP), Volume 6, Issue 1, Pages 26-37, 2012.

[24] WA Mahmoud, AI Abbas, NAS Alwan “Face Identification Using Back-Propagation Adaptive Multiwavelet” Journal of Engineering 18 (3), 2012

[25] WA Mahmoud, AS Hadi, TM Jawad “Development of a 2-D Wavelet Transform based on Kronecker Product” - Al-Nahrain Journal of Science, Vol. 15, Issue 4, PP. 208-213, 2012.

[26] H. M Hasan, Waleed A. Mahmoud Al- Jawher, M. A Alwan “3-d face recognition using improved 3d mixed transform” Journal International Journal of Biometrics and Bioinformatics, Vo. 6, Issue 1, PP. 278-290, 2012.

[27] Waleed A. Mahmud Al-Jawher, Talib M. J. Abbas Al-Talib, R. Hamudi A. Salman “Fingerprint Image Recognition Using Walidlet Transform” Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, Australia, 2012.

[28] Saleem MR Taha, Walid A Mahmood "New techniques for Daubechies wavelets and multiwavelets implementation using quantum computing “Journal Facta universitatis-series: Electronics and Energetics, Volume 26, Issue 2, Pages 145-156, 2013.

[29] Waleed A Mahmoud, Dheyaa J Kadhim “A Proposal Algorithm to Solve Delay Constraint Least Cost Optimization Problem” Journal of Engineering, Vol. 19, Iss 1, PP 155-160, 2013.

[30] SMR Taha, WA Mahmood “New techniques for Daubechies wavelets and multiwavelets implementation using quantum computing” Facta universitatis-series: Electronics and Energetics 26 (2), 145-156, 2013.

[31] Waleed A. Mahmoud, J J. Stephan and A. A. Razzak “Facial Expression Recognition Using Fast Walidlet Hybrid Transform” Journal port Science Researchو Volume3, No:1, Pages 59-69 2020.

[32] WA Mahmoud “Computation of Wavelet and Multiwavelet Transforms Using Fast Fourier Transform” Journal Port Science Research 4 (2), 111-117, 2021.

[33] KN Kadhim, SMR Taha, WA Mahmoud “A new method for filtering and segmentation of the ECG signal”, Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering …, 1988.

[34] L R. Hussssein andJ. M. A. Al-Sammarie W. A. Mahmoud “Image Identification using Minimum Distance Classifier with Multi-Wavelet Transform” Journal of Advances in Modelling and Analysis B, Volume 46, Issue (5-6), pages 1-22, 2003.

[35] W. A. Mahmoud & Z. J. M. Saleh “ An Algorithm for Computing Multiwavelets &Inverse Transform Using an Over-Sampled Scheme of Pre& Post processing respectively” Engineering Journal, Vol. 10, Issue 2, PP. 270-288, 2004.

[36] P.K. Kumari, J.B. Seventline, A Novel Approach For Identiﬁcation Of Exon Locations In DNA Sequences Using GLC Window, Int. J. Biol. Biomed. Eng. 15 (2021) 47–60.

[37] A. Piovesan, F. Antonaros, L. Vitale, P. Strippoli, M.C. Pelleri, M. Caracausi, Human protein-coding genes and gene feature statistics, BMC Res. Notes 12 (2019).

[38] Hamsa A Abdullah, Hikmat N Abdullah, Waleed A Mahmoud Al‐Jawher, “A hybrid chaotic map for communication security applications” ” International Journal of Communication Systems, Vol. 33, Issue 4, 2020.

[39] Qutaiba Abed, Waleed Ameen Mahmoud Al-Jawher ” Image Encrypted Using Circular Map, Block Compressed Sensing and Hyper GWO-COOT Optimization” International Journal of Intelligent Engineering & Systems, [41] Volume 17, Issue 5, Pages 234-, 2024.

[40] Qutaiba Kadhim Abed, Waleed Ameen Mahmoud Al-Jawher “A Secure and Efficient Optimized Image Encryption Using Block Compressive Sensing & Logistic Map Method” Journal of Cyber Security and Mobility, Vol. 13 5, 983–1006, 2024.

[41] Ali Akram Abdul-Kareem, Waleed Ameen Mahmoud Al-Jawher “ An image encryption algorithm using hybrid sea lion optimization and chaos theory in the hartley domain” International Journal of Computers and Applications, Vol. 46, Issue 5, PP. 324-337, 2024.

[42] Qutaiba K Abed, Waleed A Mahmoud Al-Jawher “Optimized Color Image Encryption Using Arnold Transform, URUK Chaotic Map and GWO Algorithm” Journal Port Science Research, Vol. 7, Issue 3, PP. 210-236, 2024.

[43] Haqi Khalid, Shaiful Jahari Hashim, Fazirulhisyam Hashim, Waleed Ameen Mahmoud Al-Jawher, Muhammad Akmal Chaudhary, Hamza HM Altarturi “RAVEN: Robust Anonymous Vehicular End-to-End Encryption and Efficient Mutual Authentication for Post-Quantum Intelligent Transportation Systems” Publication date 2024/6/24, Journal IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, Publisher IEEE, 2024.

[44] Jaafar Ahmed Abdulsaheb, Raghad Mohanned Nafea, Waleed Ameen Mahmoud Al-Jawher, Mohammed Lateef Hayyawi “IoT Based Smart Parking System” Authors Publication date 2024/6/28, Journal Journal Port Science Research, Volume 7, Issue 3, Pages . 196-203, 2024.

[45] Q. K Abed, Waleed A. Mahmoud Al-Jawher “An Image Encryption Method Based on Lorenz Chaotic Map and Hunter-Prey Optimization” Journal Port Science Research, Volume 6, Issue 4, Pages 332-343, 2023.

[46] Zahraa A Hasan, Suha M Hadi, Waleed A Mahmoud Al-Jawher “Speech scrambling based on fan transform technology” Publication date 2023/12/22, Journal AIP Conference Proceedings, Volume 2977, Issue 1, 2023.

[47] Qutaiba Kadhim Abed, Waleed Ameen Mahmoud Al-Jawher “Enhanced Hyperchaotic Image Encryption with CAW Transform and Sea-Lion Optimizer” Journal of Cyber Security and Mobility, Vol. 13 5, 1207–1238, 2024.

[48] Zahraa A Hasan 1, Suha M. Hadi, Waleed A. Mahmoud al-Jawher “Speech scrambling based on multiwavelet and Arnold transformations”, Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 30 , 2023.

[49] Qutaiba Kadhim, Waleed Ameen Mahmoud Al-Jawher “A new multiple-chaos image encryption algorithm based on block compressive sensing, swin transformer, and wild horse optimization” Multidisciplinary Science Journal, Vol. 7, Issue 1, PP. 2025012-2025012, 2024.

[50] Ali Akram Abdul-Kareem, Waleed Ameen Mahmoud Al-Jawher “A Hybrid Domain Medical Image Encryption Scheme Using URUK and WAM Chaotic Maps with Wavelet–Fourier Transforms” Journal of Cyber Security and Mobility, Pages 435–464-435–464, 2023.

[51] Zahraa A Hasan, Suha M Hadi, Waleed A Mahmoud, “Speech scrambler with multiwavelet, Arnold Transform and particle swarm optimization” Journal Pollack Periodica, Volume 18, Issue 3, Pages 125-131, 2023.

[52] AA Abdul-Kareem, Waleed A. Mahmoud Al-Jawher “Uruk 4d Discrete Chaotic Map For Secure Communication Applications” Journal Port Science Research 5 (3), 131-142., 2022.

[53] ZA Hasan, SM Hadi, WA Mahmoud, “Time domain speech scrambler based on particle swarm optimization”, Pollack Periodica 18 (1), 161-166, 2023.

[54] AA Abdul-Kareem, Waleed A. Mahmoud Al-Jawher “Hybrid image encryption algorithm based on compressive sensing, gray wolf optimization, and chaos” Journal of Electronic Imaging 32 (4), 043038-043038, 2023.

[55] Ali Akram Abdul-Kareem, Waleed Ameen Mahmoud Al-Jawher, “WAM 3D discrete chaotic map for secure communication applications” International Journal of Innovative Computing, Volume 13, Issue 1-2, Pages 45-54, 2022.

[56] Q. K Abed, W. A Mahmoud Al-Jawher “A Robust Image Encryption Scheme Based on Block Compressive Sensing and Wavelet Transform” International J. of Innovative Computing, Vol. 13, I. 1-2, PP. 7-13, 2022.

[57] Ali Akram Abdul-Kareem, Waleed Ameen Mahmoud Al-Jawher, “Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Arnold Transform and Chaos Theory in the Multi-wavelet Domain”, International Journal of Computers and Applications, Vol. 45, Issue 4, pp. 306-322, 2023.

[58] QK Abed, Waleed A. Mahmoud Al-Jawher, “A new Architecture Of Key Generation Using Dwt For Image Encryption With Three Levels Arnold Transform Permutation” Journal Port Science Research 5 (3), 166–177-166–177, 2022.

[59] S.A. Marhon, S.C. Kremer, Prediction of protein-coding regions using a wide-range wavelet window method, IEEE/ACM Trans. Comput. Biol. Bioinform. 13 (4) (2016) 742–753.

[60] S.D. Sharma, S.N. Sharma, R. Saxena, Identiﬁcation of short exons disunited by a short intron in eukaryotic DNA regions, IEEE/ACM Trans. Comput. Biol. Bio in-form. 17 (5) (2020) 1660–1670.

[61] Ibraheem Al-Jadir, Waleed A Mahmoud “A Grey Wolf Optimizer Feature Selection Method and its Effect on the Performance of Document Classification Problem” Journal Port Science Research, Vol. 4, Issue 2, Pages 125-131, 2021.

[62] W. A. Mahmoud, Jane Jaleel Stephan and A. A. W. Razzak “Facial Expression Recognition from Video Sequence Using Self Organizing Feature Map” Journal port Science Researchو Transaction on Engineering, Technology and Their Applications, Vol. 4, Issue 2, Pages 53-68, 2021.

[63] Sarah H Awad Waleed A Mahmoud Al-Jawher “Precise Classification of Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRIs) using Gray Wolf Optimization (GWO)” HSOA Journal of Brain & Neuroscience Research, Volume 6, Issue 1, Pages 100021, 2022.

[64] Maryam I Mousa Al-Khuzaay, Waleed A Mahmoud Al-Jawher, “New Proposed Mixed Transforms: CAW and FAW and Their Application in Medical Image Classification” International Journal of Innovative Computing, Volume 13, Issue 1-2, Pages 15-21, 2022.

[65] Waleed A. Mahmoud Al-Jawher, SH Awad “A proposed brain tumor detection algorithm using Multi wavelet Transform (MWT)”, Materials Today: Proceedings 65, 2731-2737, 2022.

[66] AAR Sakran, SM Hadi, WAM Al-Jawher “A New Approach for DNA Sequence Analysis Using Multiwavelet Transform (MWT)” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2432 (1), 012022.

[67] SM Saadi, WAM Al-Jawher “ Proposed DeepFake Detection Method Using Multiwavelet Transform” International Journal of Innovative Computing 13 (1-2), 61-66, 2022.

[68] AH Salman, WAM Al-Jawher “A Hybrid Multiwavelet Transform with Grey Wolf Optimization Used for an Efficient Classification of Documents” International Journal of Innovative Computing 13 (1-2), 55-60, 2022.

[69] A. U Mosa, Waleed A Mahmoud Al-Jawher “Image Fusion Algorithm using Grey Wolf optimization with Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm” International J. of Innovative Computing, Vol. 13, Issue 1-2, PP. 1-5. 2022.

[70] Shaymaa Abdulelah Shaban, Waleed A Mahmoud Al-Jawher “K-Means Clustering Algorithm for Medical Images” International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Management (IJAEM), Vol. 4, Issue 11, 2022.

[71] Rasha Ali Dihin, Waleed A Mahmoud Al-Jawher, Ebtesam N AlShemmary “Diabetic Retinopathy Image Classification Using Shift Window Transformer”, International Journal of Innovative Computing, Vol. 13, Issue 1-2, PP. 23-29, 2022.

[72] Waleed A. Mahmoud Al-Jawher, SAA SHABAN “Clustering Of Medical Images Using Multiwavelet Transform And K-Means Algorithms” , Journal Port Science Research 5 (1), 35-42, 2022.

[73] AH Salman, Waleed A. Mahmoud Al-Jawher” A Hybrid Multiwavelet Transform with Grey Wolf Optimization Used for an Efficient Classification of Documents” International Journal of Innovative Computing 13 (1-2), 55-60, 2022.

[74] SA Shaban, WAM Al-Jawher, “K-Means Clustering Algorithm for Medical Images,” International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Management (IJAEM) 4 …m 2022.

[75] L. F. Katran, Ebtesam N AlShemmary, Waleed Ameen Al Jawher “Deep Learning's Impact on MRI Image Analysis: A Comprehensive Survey” Texas Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol. 25, PP. 63-80, 2023.

[76] R. Ali Dihin, E. AlShemmary and Waleed Al-Jawher “Diabetic Retinopathy Classification Using Swin Transformer with Multi Wavelet” Journal of Kufa for Mathematics and Computer, Vol. 10, Issue 2, PP. 167-172, 2023.

[77] AAR Sakran, SM Hadi, Waleed A. Mahmoud Al-Jawher “A new approach for DNA sequence analysis using multiwavelet transform (MWT)” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2432 (1), 012022, 2023.

[78] E. Dihin, R. Al-Jawher, Waleed and Al-Shemmary “Implementation of The Swin Transformer and Its Application In Image Classification” Journal Port Science Research, vol. 6, Issue 4, PP. 318-331. 2023.

[79] Rasha Ali Dihin, Ebtesam N. AlShemmary and Waleed A. Mahmoud Al-Jawher “Automated Binary Classification of Diabetic Retinopathy by SWIN Transformer” Journal of Al-Qadisiyah for computer science and mathematics (JQCM), Vol 15, Issue 1, PP. 169-178, 2023.

[80] Ali Akram Abdul-Kareem, Waleed Ameen Mahmoud Al-Jawher, “Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Arnold Transform and Chaos Theory in the Multi-wavelet Domain”, International Journal of Computers and Applications, Vol. 45, Issue 4, pp. 306-322, 2023.

[81] Afrah U Mosaa, Waleed A Mahmoud Al-Jawher “A proposed Hyper-Heuristic optimizer Nesting Grey Wolf Optimizer and COOT Algorithm for Multilevel Task” Journal Port Science Research, Vol. 6, PP. 310,317, 2023.

[82] Maryam I Al-Khuzaie, Waleed A Mahmoud Al-Jawher “Enhancing Medical Image Classification: A Deep Learning Perspective with Multi Wavelet Transform” Journal Port Science Research, Vol. 6, Issue 4, PP. 365-373, 2023.

[83] Saadi M Saadi and Waleed A Mahmoud Al-Jawher “Image Fake News Prediction Based on Random Forest and Gradient-boosting Methods” Journal Port Science Research, Vol. 6, Issue 4, PP. 357-364, 2023.

[84] Lamyaa Fahem Katran, Ebtesam N AlShemmary, Waleed Ameen Al Jawher “Deep Learning's Impact on MRI Image Analysis: A Comprehensive Survey” Texas Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol. 25, PP. 63-80, 2023.

[85] Ammar A Sakran, Suha M Hadi, Waleed A Mahmoud Al-Jawher “Advancing DNA Signal Processing: Integrating Digital and Biological Nuances for Enhanced Identification of Coding Regions” Journal Port Science Research, Volume, 6, Issue 4, Pages 374-387, 2023.

[86] Ahmed Hussein Salman, Waleed A. Mahmoud Al-Jawher “Image Document Classification Prediction based on SVM and gradient-boosting Algorithms” Journal Port Science Research, Volume 6, Issue 4, Pages 348-356, 2023.

[87] Ammar AbdRaba Sakran, Waleed A. Mahmoud Al-Jawher, Suha M Hadi “The Role of Three-Base Periodicity in Enhancing Exon Detection through DSP Techniques” 2023 16th International Conference on Developments in eSystems Engineering (DeSE), Publication date 2023/12/18, Pages 617-622, Publisher IEEE, 2023.

[88] Ammar A. Sakran, Waleed A. Mahmoud Al-Jawher, Suha M Hadi “A Review of Digital Signal Processing Techniques for Protein-Coding Region Identification in DNA Sequences “ 2023 16th Inte. Conference on Developments in eSystems Engineering (DeSE), Publication date 2023/12/18, Pages 611-616, Publisher IEEE, 2023.

[89] Saadi Mohammed Saadi, Waleed A. Mahmoud Al-Jawher “ Ensemble Learning with optimum Feature Selection for Tweet Fake News Detection using the Dragonfly approach” 16th Int. Conf. on Developments in eSystems Engineering (DeSE), Pages 575-580, IEEE, 2023.

[90] Ahmed Hussein Salman, Waleed A. Mahmoud Al-Jawher “Enhanced Document Classification Using Ensemble Techniques” 16th International Conference on Developments in eSystems Engineering (DeSE), Pages 743-747, Publisher IEEE, 2023.

[91] Ahmed Hussein Salman, Waleed A. Mahmoud Al-Jawher “A New Multi-class Classification Method Based on Machine Learning to Document Classification.” 16th International Conference on Developments in eSystems Engineering (DeSE), Pages 605-610, Publisher IEEE, 2023.

[92] Shaymaa Abdulelah Shaban, Waleed AM Al-Jawher 'Image compression techniques using multiwavelet transform algorithm” Publication date 2024/4/11, Journal of AIP Conference Proceedings, Volume 3079, Issue 1, 2024.

[93] Saadi Mohammed Saadi, Waleed Al-Jawher “Ensemble-Based Machine Learning Approach for Detecting Arabic Fake News on Twitter.” Journal Revue d'Intelligence Artificielle, Vol. 38, Issue 1, 2024.

[94] Lamyaa Fahem Katran, Ebtesam N AlShemmary, Waleed AM Al-Jawher “A Review of Transformer Networks in MRI Image Classification” Al-Furat Journal of Innovations in Electronics and Computer Engineering, PP. 148-162, 2024.

[95] Saadi Mohammed Saadi, Waleed A. Mahmoud Al-Jawher” Enhancing image authenticity: A new approach for binary fake image classification using DWT and swin transformer” Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Advances, Vol. 19, Issue 3, PP. 1-10, 2024.

[96] Waleed A Mahmoud Al-Jawher, Shaimaa A Shaaban “K-Mean Based Hyper-Metaheuristic Grey Wolf and Cuckoo Search Optimizers for Automatic MRI Medical Image Clustering” Journal Port Science Research, Volume 7, Issue 3, Pages 109-120, 2024.

[97] Rasha Ali Dihin, Ebtesam N AlShemmary, Waleed AM Al-Jawher, “Wavelet-Attention Swin for Automatic Diabetic Retinopathy Classification” Baghdad Science Journal, 2024.

[98] Maryam I Mousa Al-Khuzaie, Waleed A Mahmoud Al-Jawher “Enhancing Brain Tumor Classification with a Novel Three-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network (3D-CNN) Fusion Model” Journal Port Science Research, Volume 7, Issue 3, Pages 254-267, 2024.

[99] N. M. S. Mahdi, Ayad K. Hassan, Fatima J. Al-Hasani, and Waleed Ameen. Mahmoud Al-Jawher “Classification Of Biomaterials and Their Applications” Journal Port Science Research, Volume 7, Issue 3, Pages 281-299, 2024.

[100] Maryam I Mousa Al-Khuzaay, Waleed A Mahmoud Al-Jawher “A Proposed MetaNet Deep Learning for Medical Diseases Classification.” International Journal of Intelligent Engineering & Systems, Volume 17, Issue 5, Page 265-, 2024

[101] Ahmed Hussein Salman, Waleed Ameen Mahmoud Al-Jawher “Performance Comparison of Support Vector Machines, AdaBoost, and Random Forest for Sentiment Text Analysis and Classification” Journal Port Science Research, Volume 7, Issue 3, Pages 300-311, 2024.

[102] D.K. Shakya, R. Saxena, S.N. Sharma, An adaptive window length strategy for eukaryotic CDS prediction, IEEE/ACM Trans. Comput. Biol. Bioinform. 10 (5) (2013) 1241–1252.

[103] M. Raman Kumar, N.K. Vaegae, Walsh code based numerical mapping method for the identiﬁcation of protein-coding regions in eukaryotes, Biomed. Signal Process. Control 58 (2020) 1–11.

[104] M. Raman Kumar, N.K. Vaegae, A new numerical approach for DNA representation using modiﬁed Gabor wavelet transform for the identiﬁcation of protein-coding regions, Biocybern. Biomed. Eng. 40 (2) (2020) 836–848.

[105] M.K. Hota, Empirical mode decomposition based adaptive noise canceller for improved identiﬁcation of exons in eukaryotes, Netw. Model. Anal. Health Inform. Bioinform. 10 (2021) 60.

[106] P. Garg, S.D. Sharma, S.N. Sharma, Tandem repeats detection in DNA sequences using p-spectrum based algorithm, in The Proceedings of Conference on Information and Communication Technology (CICT 2017), 2017, pp. 1–5.

[107] N. Yu, Z. Li, Z. Yu, Survey on encoding schemes for genomic data representation and feature learning-from signal processing to machine learning, Big Data Min.Anal. 1(3)(2018) 191–210.

[108] P. Garg, S.D. Sharma, Identiﬁcation of CpG Islands in DNA sequences using short-time Fourier transform, Interdiscip. Sci. Comput. Life Sci. 12 (3) (2020) 355–367.

[109] N. Yu, Z. Li, Z. Yu, Survey on encoding schemes for genomic data representation and feature learning—from signal processing to machine learning, Big Data Min. Anal. 1 (2018) 191–210.

[110] H. Wassfy, M. Elnaby, M. Salem, M. Mabrouk, A.-A. Zidan, Advanced DNA Mapping Schemes for Exon Prediction Using Digital Filters, Am. J. Biomed. Eng. (6) 1 (2016) 25–31

[111] A.K. Singh, V.K. Srivastava, Improved ﬁltering approach for identiﬁcation of protein-coding regions in eukaryotes by background noise reduction using S-G ﬁlter, Netw. Model. Anal. Health Inform. Bioinforma. (10) 1 (2021)

[112] J. Baranowski, P. Piątek, Fractional Band-Pass Filters: Design, Implementation, and Application to EEG Signal Processing, J. Circuits Syst. Comput. 26 (11) (2017) 1750170

[113] Y. Ferdi, A Fractional Digital High-Pass Notch Filter, in 2020 10th International Symposium on Signal, Image, Video and Communications (ISIVC), 2021, pp. 1–4.

[114] A. Gupta, S. Kumar, Design of Atangana–Baleanu–Caputo fractional-order digital ﬁlter, ISA Trans. 112 (2021) 74–88

[115] A.K. Shukla, R.K. Pandey, R.B. Pachori, A fractional ﬁlter based efﬁcient algorithm for retinal blood vessel segmentation, Biomed. Signal Process. Control 59 (2020)

[116] Ammar AbdRaba Sakran et al., A new approach for DNA sequence analysis using multiwavelet transform (MWT) , 2023 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 2432 012022.

[117] Q. Zheng, T. Chen, W. Zhou, S.A. Marhon, L. Xie, H. Su, SAVMD: An adaptive signal processing method for identifying protein-coding regions, Biomed. Signal Process, Control 70 (2021)

[118] Q. Zheng, T. Chen, W. Zhou, L. Xie, H. Su, Gene prediction by the noise-assisted MEMD and wavelet transform for identifying the protein-coding regions, Biocybern. Biomed. 41 (1) (2021) 196–210

[119] V. Pathak, S.J. Nanda, A.M. Joshi, S.S. Sahu, VLSI implementation of the anti-notch lattice structure for identiﬁcation of exon regions in Eukaryotic genes, IET Comput. Digit. Tech. 14 (5) (2020) 217–229

[120] S. Kar, M. Ganguly, S. Das, Using DIT-FFT algorithm to identiﬁcation the protein-coding region in the eukaryotic gene, Biomed. Eng. Appl. Basis Commun. 31 (01)(2019)

[121] A. Singh, V. Srivastava, "Bidirectional ﬁltering approach for the improved protein coding region identiﬁcation in eukaryotes," Netw. Model. Anal. Health Inform. Bioinforma. 11 (2022)

[122] S. Kar, M. Ganguly, S. Das, Using DIT-FFT algorithm for identiﬁcation of the protein-coding region in the eukaryotic gene, Biomed. Eng.: Appl., Basis Commun. 31 (01) (2019).

[123] S. Putluri, M.Z.U. Rahman, C.S. Amara, N. Putluri, New Exon Prediction Techniques Using Adaptive Signal Processing Algorithms for Genomic Analysis, IEEE Access 7 (2019) 80800–80812.

[124] P.K. Kumari, J.B. Seventline, A Novel Approach For Identiﬁcation Of Exon Locations In DNA Sequences Using GLC Window, Int. J. Biol. Biomed. Eng. 15 (2021) 47–60.

[125] R.K. M, N.K. Vaegae, Walsh code based numerical mapping method for the identiﬁcation of protein-coding regions in eukaryotes, Biomed. Signal Process. Control. 58 (2020) 101859,

[126] S. Kar, M. Ganguly, S. Ghosal, "Prediction of the coding region and gh[g hghsjth]m technique", in 2021 International Conference on Computing, Communication, and Intelligent Systems (ICCCIS), 2021.

[127] J.P. Mena-Chalco, H. Career, Y. Zana, R.M. Cesar Jr., Identiﬁcation of protein-coding regions using the modiﬁed Gabor-wavelet transform, IEEE/ACM Trans. Comput. Biol. Bioinform. 5(2)(2018) 198–207

PDF

Sakran, A. A. ., Al-Jawher, W. A. M., & Hadi, S. M. . (2024). Genomic Insights into Drug Abuse: The Role of DNA and Protein-Coding Regions in Addiction and Genetic Mutation. Journal Port Science Research, 7(3). https://doi.org/10.36371/port.2024.3.13