Journal Port Science Research https://jport.co/index.php/jport <p>journal published by The University of Uruk, Iraq, in cooperation with Bryant University, USA and supported The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Launched in the year 2018 as the official University of Uruk journal. The journal covers the topics include but are not limited. The journal adopted a policy of publishing four types of science every four months. The first issue is concerned with APPLIED MEDICAL SCIENCE specialties, the second issue is with TRANSACTION ON ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY AND THEIR APPLICATIONS specialties, the third issue is with LAW SCIENCES, and the fourth issue is with MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMICS SCIENCES. Journal has own managing EDITOR-IN-CHIEF, for each of these sciences.</p> <p>A partnership has been adopted with the Publons institution, to extend highly qualified peer review evaluators, and the journal counts with a wide pool of prestigious reviewers selected based on accordance with articles closely related to submitted manuscript awaiting evaluation. It is expected that the manuscripts advanced will be processed and proofread within three months. Journal have an Open Access (DOA) Publishing is a not-for-profit publishing practice, the journal is fully funded by Uruk University, Baghdad, Iraq and is available "free to publish and free to read". The manuscripts submitted to the journal are also subject to a linguistic and grammatical review and adopt the academic plagiarism detector system.</p> Journal Port Science Research en-US Journal Port Science Research 2616-6232 Awareness of Oral Cancer in a Sample of Iraqi Dental Students https://jport.co/index.php/jport/article/view/284 <p><strong>Abstract</strong> Background: The morbidity and mortality rates that are linked to oral cancer are significantly reduced through early detection and prevention. Dental undergraduates are essential in identifying expected oral cancer cases and promoting oral health, as they are future dental professionals. This study aimed to estimate knowledge and attitudes toward oral cancer and its prevention in a sample of Iraqi dental students in the College of Dentistry University of Baghdad. Methods: The study was conducted by a questionnaire consisting of 12 questions regarding knowledge and awareness about oral cancer was provided to 156 dental students in the third, fourth, and fifth grades. The data collected was tabulated, and subjected to statistical analysis, and thus results were obtained. Result: In the study sample females comprised the majority (67.9%). It was found that 69.2% of students were aware of oral cancer and 98.7% believed early detection is crucial. only 35.3% always do oral mucosal examination, 80.1% of students educate their patients about a healthy lifestyle to decrease the possibility of oral cancer, and 53.8% replied having the ability to detect premalignant lesions. Smoking is the main risk factor for oral cancer identified by 75.6%. Squamous cell carcinoma was being the most prevalent form of oral malignancy among 91% of participants. 61.5% considered tongue and floor of the mouth as risky areas and 44.2% reported ulcer as the most common clinical presentation of oral cancer. Conclusion: Though the students have good general knowledge, it is important to modify the academic curriculum and provide ongoing post-academic medical training, especially practical, to develop the essential abilities for accurate oral cancer screening.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p> Rana M. Hasan Copyright (c) 2025 Journal Port Science Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 2025-02-05 2025-02-05 8 1 .31 35 10.36371/port.2025.1.6 Community Pharmacists' Responses to Acute Gastroenteritis https://jport.co/index.php/jport/article/view/280 <p>Gastroenteritis (GE) is a life-threatening disease caused by several infectious pathogens. The main goal of this study is to evaluate community pharmacists’ response to acute GE cases in terms of counseling, dispensing, and labeling. The study employed a novel approach using simulated patients (SP) to evaluate how community pharmacists responded to GE cases. A population sampling technique involved selecting pharmacies within Baghdad, Iraq, from March to July 2024. The SP simulated the symptoms of acute diarrhea and asked the pharmacist to manage his condition, then recorded all interactions with the pharmacists using a validated data collection method. The differences between variables were found through Chi-square tests; any alpha level less than 0.05 was considered significant. The study found variations in pharmacists’ responses about counseling, dispensing, and labeling across demographic characteristics. Regarding counseling practice, almost all males outperformed females in this practice. Also, those working part-time or from the Rusafah region performed better for counseling services than their counterparts. The most common drugs dispensed included metronidazole, loperamide, domperidone, ceftriaxone, ondansetron, metoclopramide, paracetamol, and hyoscine butyl bromide. Regarding labeling, female pharmacists and those working in the Rusafah region and with part-time schedules were more proactive in writing the required medicine information on the label sheet than their counterparts.&nbsp; Further, variations in labeling practices were also found across different demographic characteristics. Targeted interventions are needed to enhance patient care and medication education in community pharmacy settings.</p> Inas Rifaat Ibrahim Copyright (c) 2025 Journal Port Science Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 2025-01-22 2025-01-22 8 1 18 24 10.36371/port.2025.1.4 Caries experience and salivary interleukin-17 level in pre and postmenopausal women https://jport.co/index.php/jport/article/view/278 <p>Background: The oral tissues has been affected by menopause in the same way as the other human body systems. Aim of study: This study was set for estimating the experience of caries in correlation to the salivary interleukin-17 level in post-menopausal&nbsp; and pre-menopausal women. Materials and Methods: Females which aged (47-51) years old divided in to : First group (control group) contained&nbsp; forty five pre-menopausal females and the second group (study group) contained forty five post-menopause females&nbsp; and were examined for caries experience on the authority of&nbsp; WHO,(1997)).We'd collect the un stimulated saliva&nbsp; from all females to analyses&nbsp; salivary interleukin-17 level.. Results: In control group the pre-menopause; the mean value of Decayed Surfaces, Missed Surfaces and DMFS were lower than that of study group the post-menopause group with lower level of salivary interleukin-17. &nbsp;Conclusion:&nbsp; menopause influence female's dental health represented by higher dental caries severity which might be related to elevated IL-17 level among postmenopausal women. Further studies recommended with larger sample size with other salivary immune factors types measurement.</p> Amjed Majeed Khalaf Najlaa Salah Al-obaidi Muna Hashim Muhabes Copyright (c) 2025 Journal Port Science Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 2025-01-16 2025-01-16 8 1 8 12 10.36371/port.2025.1.2 Evaluation of some immunological and physiological parameters in patients with chronic kidney disease infected with Toxoplasma gondii https://jport.co/index.php/jport/article/view/285 <p><strong>Abstract</strong> <strong>Background - </strong>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as a decrease in glomerular filtration rate, increased urinary albumin excretion, and, ultimately, complete loss of kidney function or kidney damage. <em>Toxoplasma gondii</em> is a protozoan parasite responsible for toxoplasmosis a significant disease that affects over a billion people worldwide in humans, toxoplasmosis spreads through two primary routes: horizontal transmission, which occurs through accidental ingestion of <em>Toxoplasma gondii</em> oocysts present in contaminated food or water and vertical transmission where the infection is passed from mother to baby via the placenta.&nbsp; <strong>The aim</strong> of the current study was to detect the effect of toxoplasmosis on kidney function and determining some immunological and physiological parameters in immunosuppressed patients (kidney failure patients) compared to healthy people <strong>Methods </strong>The study involved the analysis of 90 blood samples, comprising 80 samples from patients diagnosed with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and 10 samples from healthy individuals who served as control subjects&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>Results&nbsp; </strong>&nbsp;Results revealed&nbsp; decrease in the level of both CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> in infected CKD compared with the control group, The CD4<sup>+</sup>/CD8<sup>+</sup> concentration ratio was increased in&nbsp; infected CKD As for biochemical tests, the results showed an increase in the concentration of urea, creatinine, phosphorus, and the liver enzyme ALT, and no significant differences were recorded in the concentration of the liver enzyme AST and Alk.phosphatase&nbsp; <strong>Conclusions</strong>: The study revealed a decrease in immunological parameters and an increase in physiological parameters in kidney failure patients .&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p> S. M. Marhoon S. SH. Hamad Copyright (c) 2025 Journal Port Science Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 2025-02-08 2025-02-08 8 1 .36 40 10.36371/port.2025.1.7 Coronal Microleakage in Endodontically Treated Teeth: A Comparative Study of Sealers and Obturation Techniques https://jport.co/index.php/jport/article/view/282 <p>Endodontic treatment aims to prevent reinfection of the root canal system by achieving a hermetic seal. However, microleakage remains a challenge, potentially leading to treatment failure. This study investigated the effects of sealer type and obturation technique on coronal microleakage in endodontically treated teeth. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two sealers (Dorifill, AH26) and two obturation techniques (lateral condensation, warm gutta-percha) in preventing coronal microleakage. A total of 192 extracted human teeth were used in the study. Teeth were prepared and obturated, then stored in natural saliva for varying durations. Microleakage was assessed using dye penetration and measured under a microscope. The teeth were divided into four experimental groups based on storage time (1, 3, 7, or 30 days) and further into subgroups based on sealer and obturation technique. Canals were obturated with gutta-percha and either Dorifill or AH26 sealer, using lateral condensation or warm gutta-percha techniques. Obturated teeth were stored in natural saliva at 37°C for the designated experimental periods. All groups exhibited some degree of microleakage. Lateral condensation with AH26 consistently showed the highest leakage, while Dorifill and warm gutta-percha demonstrated better sealing ability. Microleakage increased with longer storage times for most groups. Lateral condensation with AH26 showed the highest mean leakage value at all time points (3.178mm at 1 day, 4.59mm at 3 days, 4.025mm at 7 days, and 4.12mm at 30 days). Dorifill and warm gutta-percha showed lower leakage values compared to AH26. ANOVA and LSD tests revealed significant differences between groups and time points. The study emphasizes the importance of sealer selection and obturation technique in reducing coronal microleakage, with sealer choice being a more critical factor. The mixture of Dorifill and warm gutta-percha appears promising. Further investigate is needed to validate these conclusions and improve long-term endodontic success</p> M. K. Makki R. J. Abed A. A. Othman M. F. Saleh Copyright (c) 2025 Journal Port Science Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 2025-01-29 2025-01-29 8 1 10.36371/port.2025.1.5 Relationship between Osteoprotegrin and estrogen serum level with osteoporosis in postmenopausal Iraqi women https://jport.co/index.php/jport/article/view/279 <p><strong>Abstract</strong> Osteoporosis can define as a major bone disease especially in older women, it correlated with decrease bone density and change in the bone structure that may be increase in bone fragility. Osteoporosis more prevalence in women with age over 50 years old (post menopause), this correlate with estrogen hormone deficiency, this bone loss may be rapid and lead to accelerate bone resorption because of lack of balance occur between osteoclast and osteoblast, increasing in the osteoblast differentiation lead to osteoporosis activation. After menopause estrogen level will decrease due to the lacking occur in eggs produced by ovaries and this will lead to increase synthesis of IL-1, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor and OPG level will decreased and this will lead to increase bone turnover and osteoporosis, at the same time promote vascular calcification due to increase action of RANKL one bone and vascular cell.&nbsp;&nbsp; Two group included in this study divided into patient group (n=25), age 50 years and over postmenopausal women and control group (n=50), age between 30-50 years' premenopausal women. 5ml of blood was taken from both postmenopausal and premenopausal women. All blood samples for both groups was tested for calcium, alkaline phosphtase and OPG level. OPG level was determined by ELISA technique. Serum level of alkaline phosphatase was found to be higher in postmenopausal group than premenopausal women group (p&lt;0.001). serum calcium level is lower in postmenopausal group than premenopausal women group (p&lt;0.001). serum osteoprotegerin level was higher in postmenopausal group than premenopausal women group (p&lt;0.001). osteoprotegerin (OPG) can be used as indicator of osteoporosis and useful for early diagnosis in postmenopausal women.</p> Sura Abdul Kareem Essmat Copyright (c) 2025 Journal Port Science Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 2025-01-18 2025-01-18 8 1 13 17 10.36371/port.2025.1.3 Association of sVCAM1 with interleukin -6 among rheumatoid arthritis patients https://jport.co/index.php/jport/article/view/277 <p>Symmetric synovitis is a histological characteristic of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), a systemic inflammatory connective tissue disease. An accelerated atherosclerosis process is the primary mechanism by which RA increases cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The subject of the study consisted of two groups, the first group included 40 patients, all over the age of 18, with 35 females and 5 men participating also second group included 40 healthy controls who did not have any autoimmune disorders. The biochemical analyzer konelab prime 30ISE (bioMérieux france, craponne, france) was used to measure C-reactive protein and other parameters. The levels of inflammatory and immunological parameters, such as ESR, RF, CRP, and ACPA, were importantly higher in RA patients (52.37 ± 10.41, 44.28 ± 14.75, 57.00 ± 17.67, and 45.17 ± 12.3), respectively (p&lt; 0.001). IL-10 pg/ml, IL-6 pg/ml, TNF-α pg/ml, and sVCAM ng/ml in RA patients (21.70 ± 3.08,54.42 ± 5.36,40.69 ± 7.26 and 7.12 ± 0.81) respectively (p&lt; 0.001). The Logistic regression model shows that immunological parameters such as sVCAM correlate directly with IL-10 among RA patients. This result might refer to the fact that the RA condition enhances the production of sVCAM about IL-10. Also, it showed that the sVCAM directly correlates with IL-6 among RA patients. RA patients showed an association of sVCAM-1 directly correlated with IL-6. This result might refer to the fact that the RA condition enhances the production of sVCAM about IL-6.</p> Shahad F. Obeid Wasnaa Jomaa Mohammed Noor Alhuda Kh Ibrahim Copyright (c) 2025 Journal Port Science Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 2025-01-14 2025-01-14 8 1 1 7 10.36371/port.2025.1.1