Journal Port Science Research

Herbal Extract and White Spot Lesion: A Review

Dina H. Obaid, Rusul J. Hadi, Alaa F Albo Hassan, Nameer Al-Taai — Fri, 05 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0300

One of the most important complications of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances is the development of white spot lesions (WSL) which represent the first clinical observation of dental caries. Fluoride is an efficient prophylaxis for WSL; however, its excessive use may lead to fluorosis. In addition, other chemicals (e.g., chlorhexidine) that have bactericidal effects may negatively affect the oral microflora. In the last decade, interest has shifted to using natural products that have beneficial effects on health. Using dental products (toothpaste, mouthwash, or oral gel) containing herbal extracts, has been shown to inhibit pathogenesis of cariogenic bacteria and consequently reduces enamel demineralization. Future longitudinal and in vivo studies are needed to explore the advantages and disadvantages of dental products containing herbs.

Capparis Spinosa as an Alternative Nanoscience Medicine in Treatment of Cancer (A New Aspect of Cancer Treatment)

Ali A. H. Aljeboory , Rafid M. Hashim, Reem G. Hussein, Yahya Y. Z. Farid — Tue, 09 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0300

Because of its high number of bioactive constituents in Capparis Spinosa especially polyphenolic compounds. We have studied the extraction and identification of active constituents of bioorganic solvents polar and non-polar we have managed to identify new qualities and quantities of alkaloids from residue of chloroformic extract and separate three groups of alkaloid including tertiary - quaternary strong base alkaloid and classify the obtained individual alkaloids three groups weakly bases alkaloids, alkaloids of medium basicity, strongly bases alkaloid we found promising quantity of alkaloids in Capparis Spinosa and we tried experimental pharmacological and Biological studies of these alkaloids on cancer infected animals we got promising result as we are going to mention in our manuscript. This promising result support that the natural product evidence will continue to be important in the following areas of discovery of new drugs and to find a solution for the problem of cancer and viral incurable diseases.

Comparing Point-Of-Care Ultrasound Versus CT scan for Pleural Effusion Detection in The Emergency Department of Baghdad Teaching Hospital

Firand W. Ameen, Fadil A. Bonyan, Salam A. M. Al-Rubaye — Mon, 01 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0300

This study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound versus CT scans in diagnosing pleural effusion across 53 patients, incorporating demographic data, medical histories, and diagnostic outcomes. Ultrasound demonstrated a sensitivity of 95.31%, a specificity of 90.48%, a Positive Predictive Value (PPV) of 93.85%, a Negative Predictive Value (NPV) of 92.68%, and an overall accuracy of 93.40%. In the comparative analysis of for characterizing pleural effusion, ultrasound significantly outshone CT in detecting septations or debris, boasting a 100% detection rate against CT's 25%, a disparity underscored by a p-value of 0.007, highlighting ultrasound's superior diagnostic sensitivity for these features. In contrast, for loculation detection, CT demonstrated a higher efficacy with a 100% detection rate, surpassing ultrasound's 66.7%. However, this apparent advantage of CT did not translate into a statistically significant difference, as indicated by a p-value of 0.455, suggesting that the practical difference between the two modalities might be less critical than it appears, potentially due to sample size constraints or the variable nature of loculations .he resultTs obtained demonst

Verifying The Association Between IL6 -174G/C Polymorphism in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Nawfal. N. Al-azzawi , Maysoon. K. Hussein, Muna I. Khalaf — Sat, 24 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0300

Background : Diabetes mellitus, also known as blood sugar, is a series of metabolic disorders described by high blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia), low blood glucose (hypoglycemia), or both, resulting from defects in insulin production, insulin action, or both. Numerous studies have shown that interleukin (IL-6) acts on skeletal muscle cells , liver cells, and pancreas cells to influence glucose balance and metabolism, which directly or indirectly contributes to the development of diabetes. Research in this area is crucial because diabetes is recognized as a major risk factor for many diseases like Diabetic retinopathy, Diabetic nephropathy, Diabetic Neuropathy , heart disease and others. Patients and methods : In this study, we tested three of genotypes GG; GC ; CC for IL6 -174G/C polymorphism to determine its association with type 2 diabetes and its effect on insulin. One hundred T2DM patients and 100 clinically healthy participants were enrolled in the study. Results and Conclusion : Based on the results presented by the researcher, the three genetic polymorphisms GG, GC, and CC of the IL6-174G/C polymorphism did not appear to be associated with type 2 diabetes or determine the course of the disease. Given society’s demand for radical solutions and the necessity of reducing the increasing number of deaths every year, these findings underscore the need for continued research into understanding the complex interplay of factors that contribute to diabetes-related complications.

Spectrophotometric Determination of Uric Acid in Samples of Urine

Abbas. H. Al-Shukry, Zain E. Mansor, Nada. A. Abd Al -Hussein — Sun, 28 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0300

A fade of the hexadecyltrimethylammonium-o-hydroxyhydroquinonephthalein-palladium (II) complex was used to quantify uric acid (UA), a spectrophotometric technique that is both straightforward and very sensitive. The effective molar absorbance at 635 nm complies with Beer's law over a range of concentration of 0.01 g ml^-1, with a relative standard deviation of 6.50 × 10⁵ dm³/mol.cm (˂1.5%). Overall, UA was recovered in the range of 98-100% across all samples, with values were of relative standard deviation (RSD) < 3.0%. This review paper is based on the elaborate work [1], giving rise to very accurate for uric acid assay using UV-VIS spectrometry system, which is about 20 times more sensitive than other methods reported elsewhere. Human urine uric acid assays using this technique were of high accuracy.

Decreased expression of IL-4 Gene and Exploring of mutable lymphotoxin alpha (TNF-β) gene in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Wasnaa J. Mohammad, Noor. A. Ibrahim, Shahad F. Obeid — Sat, 13 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0300

Rapid genetic system identification characterizes the complex illness known as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The classic cytokine, IL-4, is known to stimulate the Th2 route of differentiation and to effectively inhibit the Th1 response. The pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been linked to immunological and genetic variables. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the gene expression of IL-4 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and explore potential links between the functional Interleukin-4 gene and SLE. Additionally, lymphotoxin alpha (LTA) is a key cytokine in the pathogenesis of SLE. In SLE, cytokines have a significant role in controlling lymphocyte function.

Design, Synthesis, In Silico Study and Anti-Inflammatory Evaluation of New Ketoprofen Thiourea Derivatives

Rafid M. Hashim, Yahya Yahya Zaki Farid — Wed, 03 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0300

The In the current study, six new derivatives of ketoprofen thiourea were designed and synthesized In order to enhance COX-2 enzyme selectivity. The chemical structures of these derivatives were confirmed by spectral analysis. The anti-inflammatory activities of these derivatives was investigated insilico and in vivo. The results revealed that compound B4 were the most active. The new derivatives also showed drug-likeness and gastric absorption as predicted by computational methods. These results above indicated that the synthesized compounds deserve additional investigation as potential selective COX-2 inhibitors.

Preparation And Characterization of Polyvinyl Alcohol Nanofiber Loaded With Mafenide For Sustain Release

Sadeq R. Atiyah, Sarmad Al-Edresi — Sat, 09 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0300

This paper delves into the intricate process of preparing and characterizing Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibers loaded with Mafenide to achieve sustained release functionality. The synthesis involves the careful integration of Mafenide, a pharmaceutical agent known for its antimicrobial properties, into PVA nanofibers. This combination holds promise for controlled drug delivery applications. The preparation begins with the electrospinning technique, a method widely employed for creating nanofibrous structures. During this process, the Mafenide is incorporated into the PVA matrix, forming a composite material. The choice of Polyvinyl alcohol as the base material is strategic, given its biocompatibility and excellent film-forming properties. The characterization phase involves a comprehensive analysis of the resulting nanofibers. Techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). are employed to examine the morphology and chemical composition of the nanofibrous system. These analyses provide insights into the structural integrity and the successful incorporation of Mafenide. The study focuses on the sustained release aspect, aiming to understand how the loaded Mafenide interacts within the PVA nanofibers over time. This sustained release mechanism is crucial for pharmaceutical applications, offering prolonged therapeutic effects and minimizing the need for frequent administration. The potential benefits of this research lie in the development of an efficient drug delivery system.

Investigation the Relationship Between Myonectin Levels and Both Lipid Profiles and Liver Function Tests in Diabetic Nephropathy Patients

Zahraa. M. Ismail, Falah S. Al-Fartusie, Noor. T. Tahir, Ahmed H. Ismail — Sat, 03 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0300

Myonectin, or CTRP12, is a relatively recent adipokine—a protein released by adipose tissue that has gained interest in the context of metabolic health, including its possible implications in diabetic complications. Volunteers were divided into three groups, healthy subjects as controls (group A), they don't suffer from any disease, patients with T2D without nephropathy (group B) and T2D with nephropathy (group C), the age ranges between (35-70) years and the average duration disease of T2D (5-25) years, attending to the AL-Kindi teaching hospital, Baghdad Iraq. There was a highly significant increase P ≤ 0.01 of FBS, Insulin level, HOMA-IR, HbA1c, TC, TG, HDL and TSB among different groups (T2D with nephropathy, T2D without nephropathy, and control), a highly significant increase P ≤ 0.01 of myonectin levels among different groups. There was no significant difference present in AST U/L, and ALP U/L. A statistically significant increase in ALT U/L when compared with the control group. Conclusion: Levels of serum myonectin were significantly higher in patients with (T2D without nephropathy) as compared with ( T2D with nephropathy) and the control group.

Simultaneous Determination of Iron and Copper in Aqueous Solution Using Spectrophotometry

Abbas. H. Al-Shukry, Zain E. Mansor, Nada. A. Abd Al -Hussein Al -Hussein — Wed, 17 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0300

Iron and copper mixtures were quantitatively determined in aqueous solutions for the first time using the analytical method in this approach with the aid of T60U Spectrophotometer. The method is so simple, fast, economic, and can be carried out easily on a bench. The absorbencies for iron, copper and iron-copper mixtures in aqueous solution were measured using T60U adopted with UVWin6 software UV -VIS Spectrometer (pg instruments United Kingdom) by filling two 5 ml quartz cells of dimensions 1*1*5 cm, the first is filled with the blank solution which is a solution containing all the constituents of the sample except iron and copper and the other quartz cell is filled with the stock solution iron and/or copper under investigation. Absorbency of iron was determined by setting T60U spectrometer wavelength at 504 nm, meanwhile for copper absorbency measurements the apparatus is set at 304 nm. Iron, copper, and iron-copper mixture calibration curves were of very high accuracy with the least linear regression value of ≤ 1, i, e the measured data were of relative standard deviation value (RSD) of ≤ 1.5%.